Battery metals are a group of critical raw materials essential for the production of modern energy storage devices. They form the foundation for lithium-ion batteries, which are used today in electric vehicles (EVs), portable electronic devices, stationary energy storage systems, and renewable energy systems. The increasing demand for climate-friendly technologies has brought battery metals into the focus of global commodity markets.
Lithium is the central element of modern high-performance batteries. Its high energy density and rechargeability make it indispensable for electric mobility and the storage of renewable energy. The main producing countries are Australia, Chile, and China, while processing and refining mostly take place in Asia.
Nickel improves the energy density of batteries and enables a longer range for electric vehicles. However, high-grade nickel deposits are limited, and the dependence on few production regions, especially Indonesia and Russia, poses geopolitical challenges.
Cobalt provides thermal stability in batteries and extends their lifespan. Production is predominantly in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which is often associated with ethical and ecological challenges. Companies and governments are increasingly focusing on alternative cobalt sources and recycling technologies to reduce dependence.
Graphite is the main material for anodes in lithium-ion batteries. There is both natural and synthetic graphite, with China currently dominating the global market. With the increasing demand for battery materials, interest in new graphite projects outside of China is growing.
Manganese is used in cathode materials and plays a crucial role in the stability and performance of batteries. It is a relatively widespread metal, but mining is concentrated in countries such as South Africa, Australia, and Gabon.
The market for battery metals is strongly growth-driven. The increasing electrification of transport, new environmental regulations, and the geopolitical securing of critical raw materials are driving high investments in exploration, production, and recycling. Battery metals are not only a decisive factor for the green transformation but also a strategic resource for the industries of the future.